Increasing Pedestrian Safety

Expanding Pedestrian Safety 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Crossing point is the most basic spot for person on ridiculously straightforwardly into contact with the progressing traffic. Both signalized and un-signalized convergence represent a wellbeing concern and various measures have been taken to securely and adequately suit walker and traffic in the crossing points. To suit people on foot, two normal kinds of person on foot staging have been utilized at signalized crossing points - simultaneous staging and select staging (or scramble staging). Simultaneous walker staging is the most widely recognized and utilized everywhere throughout the world, yet there are such a large number of spots where restrictive person on foot staging has likewise been utilized. A simultaneous staging permits person on foot to cross parallelly with the engine vehicle traffic on any methodology having green sign. The two people on foot and vehicles share a similar green period of traffic signal which permits longer progression of traffic and walkers. The cooperation of traffic accompany the person on foot because of right turning and left turning developments over the walker crosswalk. There might be another association from the vehicles of right diverts on red from the methodology opposite to the crosswalk. Then again, a selective person on foot stage is just for walker crossing which stops all the vehicular development and passerby can cross any course including askew. This builds the general cycle length of the sign, yet guarantees no association of walker with the traffic. 2.2 Academic Research To address person on foot security colossal measure of examination has been done, yet there is still a lot of work to do and there is still degree to look from an alternate new point of view and dissect the wellbeing measures. There are different elements liable for person on foot security at a crossing point and various investigations have been done to examine those components and measure the significance. Be that as it may, shockingly, there have been moderately barely any examinations performed looking at simultaneous and elite passerby stage structure the perspective of the security benefits, number of illicit intersections, crash number and change in LOS of the convergences. After the usage of a selective person on foot stage, it is fundamental to see how clients are tolerating this. Any office can be a disappointment if the individuals can't utilize the manner in which it ought to be utilized. Positive and tolerating viewpoint is critical for the accomplishment of a select person on foot stage as resistance will prompt unlawful intersection which will undue a definitive objective of elite passerby signal. McKernan et al. (2016) examined passerby consistence of simultaneous and elite person on foot crossing at 42 signalized convergences to discover whether there are contrasts between walker consistence with selective walker staging and simultaneous walker staging. They utilized parallel relapse model to evaluate passerby consistence and they considered person on foot staging type, convergence attributes, for example, vehicular and walker volume, crossing separation and speed limit. They discovered essentially higher walker consistence with simultaneous p erson on foot staging then elite passerby staging. Yet, the thing that matters was not critical when they considered elite person on foot stage crossing points as though it had simultaneous staging and they presumed that passerby treat selective walker stage as a simultaneous person on foot stage. (McKernan, 2016). Scarcely any different scientists watched and gathered information in regards to person on foot consistence with elite passerby stage. As indicated by Lina Kattan, open demonstrated an inspirational mentality toward restrictive person on foot stage and they comprehended the adjustment in the manner the convergence used to work and acknowledged it. (Lina Kattan 2009). To get the advantages of an elite passerby staging, it is important to comprehend person on foot crossing conduct in such a flighty office. Scarcely any examinations explored the adjustments in person on foot crossing conduct following the usage of a select walker stage. Hediyeh et al. (2015) research the changed conduct utilizing spatiotemporal stride boundaries (step length and step recurrence). They discovered both normal advance length and strolling speed were essentially higher for corner to corner crossing walkers contrasted and people on foot crossing on the traditional crosswalks. They discovered people on foot to tend to expand their progression length more than their progression recurrence to speed up. They likewise found that, contrasted and men, ladies for the most part speed up by expanding their progression recurrence more than step length. Be that as it may, when in resistance with signal signs, ladies speed up by expanding their progression length more than step recur rence. (H. Hediyeh, 2015). Medina et al. likewise stressed on better comprehension of passerby conduct at areas with selective person on foot stages. To do that they gathered field information from a school grounds at occupied convergence and examined the individual and gathering crossing information. From the examination, they discovered fifteenth percentile speeds for the corner to corner and the equal intersections were separately 4.37ft/s and 4.49 ft./s which are higher than the 3.5 ft./s as suggested by the MUTCD. They likewise found, fifteenth percentile velocities of people on foot voyaging exclusively and those in free stream were essentially higher than those going in gatherings and in without non streaming conditions. Moreover, they watched less person on foot to cross corner to corner than parallelly. (J. C. Medina, 2014). Hediyeh et al. (2014) has additionally examined changes in person on foot speed conduct following the execution of a selective passerby stage. They exa mined person on foot speed varieties regarding configuration changes to convergence intersections. The outcomes demonstrated that the normal intersection speed is higher after the execution of the select passerby stage. They discovered higher normal intersection speed for corner to corner crossing than side crosswalk crossing. They additionally watched people on foot to have higher speed through the primary portion of the crosswalk. (Houman Hediyeh, 2014) Swamp et al. led an overview and an examination of existing person on foot and vehicle developments to discover the adjustment in designs that would result from the incorporation of an elite walker stage in the current signalized crossing points. He thought about accommodation, solace and security as three primary necessities for person on foot crossing and the improvement of these standards because of the difference in intersection office. The examination indicated that the three models are not improved by the change to selective person on foot control. He additionally saw vehicular traffic is as impeded with an expansion in postponements, stops and longer lines at traffic signals. Once more, he found an expansion in person on foot delay by changing degrees, however it lessens the separation walkers must travel. Utilizing a modernized reenactment, he found that restrictive walker staging would have brought about a 5% to 7% decrease in separation went by people on foot at a few conve rgences in New Zealand. (Bog, 1982) The fundamental reason for actualizing a selective person on foot stage is to decrease the collaboration of passerby with the traffic. In spite of the fact that it is intended to meet the reason yet the documented condition isn't generally great. Different reasons might be answerable for this including illicit person on foot crossing, red light running and so on. The association may not generally lead to a wellbeing danger however unquestionably this is critical for the accomplishment of selective person on foot stage. Zhanga et al. (2015) analyzed selective and simultaneous person on foot staging from the point of view of seriousness of cooperation with engine vehicles where they watched and arranged passerby intersection and seriousness of collaboration. From their examination, they found that, passerby experience lower cooperation seriousness with engine vehicles with elite person on foot stage contrasted with intersection on the green light with simultaneous walker stage. They ad ditionally discovered lower crash number if there should be an occurrence of restrictive walker stage however crash seriousness was high than accidents of simultaneous person on foot stage. (Yaohua Zhanga, 2015) Decreasing cooperation should lead in decrease of person on foot crash number. As passerby stage is actualized uniquely to oblige person on foot securely it was thought to decrease walker crash number altogether. Distinctive investigation shows various outcomes with respect to the decrease of crash recurrence. Zegeer et al. (1982) contemplated 1296 traffic signalized crossing point to decide noteworthiness of passerby signal signs and sign planning methodologies to person on foot mishaps. From their investigation utilizing distinctive measurable tests, they found no noteworthy contrast in passerby mishaps between crossing points that had simultaneous walk person on foot signals contrasted and convergences that had no walker signal signs. For selective person on foot crossing, they discovered lower number of walker crashes with moderate to high passerby volume. (Charles V. Zegeer, 1982). Once more, Garder et al. (1989) tried the wellbeing advantage of restrictive person on foot crossi ng at three destinations and saw as useful in modest community yet not in city. He found that selective person on foot sign may not be powerful in city because of high number of red walker in the city traffic signal crossing point. He proposed that shorter holding up time will diminishes the quantity of red strolling. (Garder, 1989). As the example size was not enormous, itemized study is required to state where selective passerby stage is gainful, in the city or in the modest community. Zaidel et al. (1987) likewise tried the connection between person on foot crossing types and normal number of mishaps including both passerby and vehicle mishaps. From their investigated 5-year information from 320 signalized convergences they inferred that, walker crossing type has no impact on vehicular mishap and less impact on passerby mishap. They identif

Freedom Through Lawlessnes essays

Opportunity Through Lawlessnes papers The film Thelma and Louise, composed by Callie Khouri, is an anecdote around two conventional ladies living under male control in humble community Arkansas. Louise (Susan Sarandon), a despondent server, and her closest companion Thelma (Geena Davis), a disliked housewife, choose to leave for the end of the week to escape from the dreariness of their regular daily existences. Louises plan is to drive until they arrive at their goal, which is a lodge in the mountains. Be that as it may, during a stop at a bar en route, Louise neglects to consider that Thelma has no involvement in overwhelming drinking and sweat-soaked forceful cattle rustlers. As situations develop, Thelma is about assaulted and Louise, in protecting her, shoots and slaughters the tipsy male attacker. Intuitively, the two ladies run while attempting to understand what had simply transpired. When the shooting, the two fundamental characters are encircled by male figures that are misogynist, tyrannical, and unrefined. Su bsequently, the expository analysis of Thelma and Louises control by a male centric culture will be studied through the model of women's activist analysis. This analysis will require top to bottom examination, which will look at sexual orientation jobs just as how man controlled society is built and kept up during the film. How Thelma and Louise are dealt with in view of their womanhood is critical to the movement of the storyline. Thelma and Louises job in the public arena is set up as unimportant on account of their sexual orientation. This is appeared through their different experiences with men, for example, when they talk with the men in their lives, when they are offended in a bar, or in any event, when they are explicitly annoyed as they are driving down the road. During the movies opening scenes, Thelma is demonstrated to be an accommodating Barbie-doll type housewife, acclimated with every other person thinking for her. Her companion, Louise is uncovered as a thirty something server whose artist beau fears responsibility. In this way, all through ... <!

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Schoolwork - Essay Example There were differentiating feelings over the nearness of a remote material in the jug. While the plaintiff’s accepted that it was a condom, the experts of the Coca Cola Company denied these claims by naming the remote molecule similar to a form which took after a condom. Likewise, Coca Cola contended that the case ought not remain as there was no physical injury to any of the offended parties and the degree of mental trouble as asserted can't be quantifiable. The Court was thusly left to decipher the legitimacy of the effect rule in instances of enthusiastic pain which isn't related by physical injury. The court was likewise left to pass a judgment on whether the effect rule was relevant for this situation or should it be canceled or altered in Florida. For this situation, the court inferred that despite the fact that it couldn't approve any effect for which it could apply the effect rule. In my view, the court had appropriately settled on the choice since the offended parties couldn't build up the degree of the passionate pain as a dread of getting a physical disease alone doesn't comprise a lawfully compensable physical issue. 2. In any general public, there are four primary elements of law which incorporate Peacekeeping or social control, equity in the general public, Environment insurance, and individual flexibility. The primary capacity referenced above is peacekeeping which basically works by discouraging hoodlums and hostile to social components from enjoying against social exercises by rule making which deflects any such activity through information on disciplines that may result as an outcome. The Tort framework is one model which guarantees that each individual is qualified for monetary case on the other in case of any physical mischief. This guarantees individuals don't battle or disturb harmony over such issues. Law likewise brings about the arrangement of financial development by advancing rivalry. Different enemy of trust laws guarantee that private companies are

SAT Writing Error #4 Subject-Verb Agreement, Prepositional Phrases and Appositives

SAT Writing Error #4: Subject-Verb Agreement, Prepositional Phrases and Appositives OK, this grammar lesson is a long one, but it's very important and worth the time it takes to read it through. Please correct the following sentence: 1) Neither of us exercise very often on weekends. Like many sentences on the SAT, this one seems just fine when you read it over the first time. But upon closer examination, there is a problem. The sentence should read: 2) Neither of us EXERCISES very often on weekends. Strange, huh? Well, let me explain why this is the case. First of all, whenever you see AN UNDERLINED VERB in the SAT Writing section, you should IMMEDIATELY check to see what the SUBJECT OF THE VERB is, to make sure that the SUBJECT AND THE VERB AGREE IN NUMBER. That is to say, if the subject is singular, the verb should be singular, and if the subject is plural, the verb should be plural. So what is the subject of exercise? Well, most students would say that us is the subject, but this is incorrect for two reasons: 1) Us is technically an object pronoun (meaning it receives an action instead of performing the action) so it cannot be the subject. 2) Of us is a prepositional phrase, and A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE CAN NEVER BE THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE. Before we move on, let's discuss the concept of prepositional phrases. Prepositional phrases are phrases that include prepositions (which are usually DIRECTIONAL words such as above or across, or shorter TWO-LETTER WORDS such as of, on or at). Here are some sentences with the prepositional phrases in parentheses. Notice that YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE ABLE TO REMOVE THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE AND HAVE THE SENTENCE STILL MAKE SENSE: -I walked (across the bridge) to my house. -The book (about Lance Armstrong) was inspirational. -That vase (on your table) is beautiful. -The house (on the hill) is full of spiders. -Shel Silverstein's book (of poems and drawings) is hilarious. So, since of us cannot be the subject, the subject must be the word "neither." But now we have a problem: is neither singular or plural? Well, don't worry if you don't know the answermost students don't. Neither is technically a SINGULAR PRONOUN. Some examples of other singular pronouns are it, he, and she. So once you know that NEITHER IS SINGULAR, you can SUBSTITUTE A SIMPLE SINGULAR PRONOUN IN ITS PLACE and then just USE YOUR EAR TO SEE IF IT SOUNDS RIGHT. For example, because one should write She exercises on weekends, not She exercise on weekends," one should also write Neither of us EXERCISES on weekends. OK, you say, that makes sense to me after reading through it a couple of times. But how should I know that neither is singular in the first place? Good question. Luckily, that part is pretty easy. Here's a list of some common singular pronouns: Somebody / Someone Anybody / Anyone Nobody / No one Everybody / Everyone It might seem strange to you that everyone is singular, but the truth is that most people use these pronouns correctly in everyday speech. For example, one would say Everyone IS coming to the party, not Everyone ARE coming to the party. But just in case you forget, here's an easy trick: IF THE WORD HAS ONE INSIDE OF IT, THEN THE WORD IS SINGULAR. Since one is the definition of singular, that's an easy trick to remember. Of course somebody does not have the word one in it, for example, but someone means the exact same thing. On the other hand, there are some singular pronouns that people frequently mistake for plural pronouns. Because they are frequently misused, you should KEEP AN EYE OUT FOR THESE SINGULAR PRONOUNS: Neither (Neither one) None (Not one) Either (Either one) Each (Each one) Luckily, the same trick applies. If you can put the word one AFTER A PROUNOUN, then that also means that it is singular. Substitute a simple singular pronoun (he/she/it) to double-check: 1) NEITHER of my cousins HAS red hair. 2) HE HAS red hair. 1) EITHER one of those shirts IS fine with me. 2) IT IS fine with me. All rightso now it's time to test out your Subject-Verb agreement skills. Turn to page 416, #19 in the OFFICIAL GUIDE TO THE SAT and give it a shot. Did you choose letter E? Remember that the SAT LOVES TO TRICK YOU by putting lots of information in-between the subject and the verb, including prepositional phrases. So whenever you see a verb underlined, you should LOOK BACK TO SEE WHAT THE SUBJECT IS. By ELIMINATING THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES as I did in my example sentence, you will be able to find the subject more easily. For example, if you eliminate of Ed, Steve and Rich then the sentence becomes (They) HAS continued. which should obviously be changed to (They) HAVE continued. It might sound OK when you read it the first time, but the answer is B. One more thing that you should be able to ELIMINATE FROM SENTENCES when looking for the subject is the APPOSITIVE. An appositive is an add-on to a sentence that is usually separated by commas. As with prepositional phrases, the sentence should still make sense when read without the appositive, and THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE WILL NEVER BE INSIDE AN APPOSITIVE. The appositives in the sentences below are in parentheses: -Tom, (a professional poker player), wore his sunglasses even when he was inside. -They went to Geoff's, (a popular sandwich place), to grab some grub. Now try #23 on page 416 and give it a shot. Once you see a verb underlined (answer choice C), you should look back to find the subject of that verb. You'll see that if you eliminate the prepositional phrase (of the investigation) as well as the appositive (coming just days before the filing deadline), the sentence reads: The announcement (it) were calculated which should obviously be changed to The announcement (it) was calculated. The answer is C. Whew! That was a long posting. I hope you find it helpful. There is a lot of information packed into this one, so you'll probably have to read it through a couple of times before you absorb it fully. -Brian

A Brief Note On Modern Police And Police Brutality

Austin LaFalier Sophia DeSilva English 12 4 February 2016 Modern Police Police have one of the hardest jobs in the modern ages; there are way too many regulations, with more restrictions being incorporated daily. The more restraints placed upon the local police force; make it difficult for them to enforce the laws upon criminals. We are a blessed nation to have local authorities to maintain and protect our communities. No matter what situation they come upon, whether assisting someone who is in need of help, or arresting a hardened criminal. Their motto is to protect and serve. They seem to get good and bad press when it comes to police brutality, new equipment, and laws/rules. One of the worst things a police officer can do or be accused of is police brutality; it quite possibly could ruin the reputation of that officer and the department of his employment. Being on the front lines as a police officer; is often a stressful and dangerous role to play in the community, because one will be dealing with suspects on different levels of cri minal offences. In some cases, there may be need to apply force and the policing agencies have strict rules pertaining to how force should be used and in what situations. â€Å"From April 2009 to June 2010, 23.3% of the 2,541 reports of police misconduct were only police brutality, and 13% of the police brutality reports were fatalities (THE UPRISING OF POLICE BRUTALITY, 1).† Further, some individuals think that police brutality should beShow MoreRelatedApartheid and Afrikaner Nationalism Essay2436 Words   |  10 Pagesidentity of this group. While the rise of Afrikaner nationalism is hard to pinpoint, the earliest notions of nationalism can be found in the separate culture that developed among early South African colonists. 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For instance, very few modern religions have assumed such a signiï ¬ cant place in the mainstream of popular culture through the use of music. Marley is not seen as a religious ï ¬ gure; rather he is seen as a rock star, a pop hero, an icon. And yet his faith is at the core of his

Descriptive Essay About Pets - 1246 Words

Pets. They have an amazing effect on your life. They come in and bring so much joy and happiness. Mama always said he was an absolute little terrorist because he was pissed about his name and wanted to prove his manhood. It was a normal day, but a day that changed our family’s life forever, we got up that morning excited that we were on summer vacation. Finally, we were able to go outside, ride our bikes and spend nothing but uninterrupted kid time, but only until those street lamps came on. Once they’re on if you aren’t in the house consider your ass grass. When we finally made it inside, the house smelled amazing! Mom was in the kitchen putting her soul into her cooking like she always did. It was one of her delicious southern dinners,†¦show more content†¦To adjust to the fact that this was officially happening, she began to ask question about him. She smirked and said â€Å"how old is he?† my dad would reply with a look that made it obvious that he knew she was low-key pissed off about the whole thing â€Å"6 weeks old† she confused by his looks, then asked â€Å"what’s his breed?† he answered â€Å"Pekingese Peek-a-poo mix†. Witho ut missing a beat, my sister and I immediately looked at each other in pure excitement and yelled out his new name in unison â€Å"PIKACHU!!† My parents both tickled agree to the awful name their two little girls came up with. WE literally grew up together. He was like the furry, snarling, pain in the butt, little-big brother we never realized we had. Years went by and as we grew, so did he. To tell you a little bit about Pikachu†¦ He grew into his personality very young and like an old dog, became set in his ways. He was bad, sometimes a bully, and other times a sweetheart, with a bad napoleon complex. 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Principles of Marketing free essay sample

Observed that higher ROI is earned by companies that are able to charge higher prices, most likely because of successfully differentiating their products and the firms that operate at cost advantage. There is seemingly a positive correlation between market share and ROI. The economies of scale, market power, and quality of management are some of the factors that make market share profitable.As market share increases, businesses are likely to have a higher profit margin, a declining purchase-to-sales ratio, decline in marketing costs as a argental of sales, higher quality and higher priced products. One of the mall determinants of business profitability Is market share. Businesses with high market share are considerably more profitable than smaller sizes rivals. ROI Indicates the profitability of a company.Large businesses have high rate of return because they have achieved economies of scale in procurement manufacturing, marketing, and other cost components. Small sized business focus more on customer relations while large sized businesses work on economies of scale. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the businesses grow, they eve away from the physical market. They cannot build their businesses around individual customers anymore, so they will have invisible customers in the market and they will try to meet the general (average of the) demands of such customers.Mid-sized companies have low ROI because as they are growing from the small sized company to a larger one, they try to hold on to the aspects that worked for them in the past without necessarily realizing that their old methods might not be efficient for them anymore; while also moving forward adapting to new needs which costs them more resources. We use the u-curve marketing tool to analyze the correlation between ROI and market size, that have been thoroughly discussed by many authors, marketers and finance analysts. A Curve gives the general trend of a particular industry.The curve is an exponential (hypothetical) line drawn as an average from the scattered plots In the graph. For our study purpose, we take the telecommunications industry and analyze its trend using 5 major telecommunications operator in France. The data and the graph are presented below: Company Locomotive Bogus SF Orange VINE ROI 38. 04% 19. 73% 155. 95% 58. 48% 31 . 06% U Curve for Telecommunications Industry guesses 120 Series 1 20 10 15 25 35 ere data has been collected from the financial statements from the annual reports for the year ended 2012 for the aforementioned companies.The ROI has been calculated manually as (Net The chart shows us that as the market share increases, the ROI also increases. In case of Bogus, the ROI is abnormally high considering its market size in comparison to SF and Orange which are the dominator of this industry, due to several reasons such as addition of newer technology to provide better quality services, huge expansion in international market; ND returns from other services of the company also has an important role to play.If En take more companies from this industry and plot them in the graph, the exponential line will remain unchanged; however, we will be able to see more clearly the positioning of these different companies in line with the industrial trend. We also need to consider that th e curve will not always take the shape of a U because the return on each industry varies as they are influenced by several factors relevant to that particular industry. TV. Samsung focuses on promoting TV in emerging economies in response to the expected rise in demand, with differentiated design and technology, including JIHAD TV, curved LED TV and large-sized TVs of over 60 inches and smart TV. As far as the product line getting broader, the product obtains bigger market share by meeting Ender demands as the market leader in a mass production industry, riding on the robust rising markets. It is Samsung biggest cash cow with not much potential to outgrow.Laptop: This product reveals the resilient growth in the competitive environment as customers normally have non-adhesive preference before they enter this market or plus shelf obtaining achieve the steady revenues, but its uncertain if they have more future tendency. Smart phone: The emerging markets and the successful launch of premium mobile phones in the global market popularize smart phone rapidly, which build the environment for stars. It balances the profit won in developing market and the de layed economic recovery as well as the increased competitions and expenses in developed markets. The result is more potential than better-performed position. Samsung strategy to apply high-tech to meet the market tendency is the good way to give more profit space and lengthen its product-life. Tablet: Samsung supplies touch screens to Apple for pad, Macro Pro, phone, and pod. It also manufactures the touch screens for its limited edition Galaxy tablets, which, combined with its technology, competes head-to-head with Apple and other tablets. As the screen is manufactured by Samsung itself, the cost for a Samsung tablet is obviously lower than an pad with the same quality screen.However, they have not shown any other advantage over their competitors yet. Printer: Because of the strong competitor such as HP in this product segmentation, Samsung printers are out there in the market to take shelf space in order to prevent competitors market growth. Disc Storage: This market is ruled by MIMIC followed by HP and Dell. It is a tough and tight market for Samsung. This product line of Samsung plays the role as Dogs in the market against the competitors.It will always run with red numbers on financial statements, however, will take precious valuable space in the shelf closing the market to other possible competitors. The Relative Market Share (ARMS) of the company in comparison to its competitors in the market in terms of potential/performance or ROI/market size is 1. 54/0. 89, suggesting that major players in a market tend to be more profitable than their competitors. . ARMS offers a way to benchmark a firms or a brands share against that of its largest competitor, enabling managers to compare relative market positions across different product markets.INNOVATION Innovation is the process when an existing item is used as the foundation to create something new, which is not necessarily very different from the original item, but has improved features, or is more useful in the environment it exists/operates in. Innovation allows business and firms to fill the gaps of demand and supply in the current market place by improvising what already exists. In order to analyze this tool of marketing, our group decided to use a Hair Dryer. A hair dryer basically has five components: the outer cover blower heating element motor power source problem and/or the inconvenience for the users of a hair dryer.On one hand, with an ordinary hair dryer, there is lack of human mobility while using the product. This reduce can only be used in a fixed where there is a power outlet; so the users have to stay in one particular place without moving to dry their hair with a dryer. On the other hand, users usually need to keep standing while using this product. As the length of the wire is limited, it may force the users to operate it in uncomfortable gestures. This is more difficult for the users who have long, thick hair as it will take them longer to complete the task. O improve the aforementioned drawbacks, we applied the innovation process. In order to innovate something new or better, one or more of the components must be moved from the original product, without drastically changing the product. It is important to remember that the function of an innovated product must always follow the form, which means that the functionality is less important than the form, because customers are generally resistant to changes and they evolve one step at a time, while technology leaps. Keeping this in mind, out of the five essential products mentioned earlier, we decided to remove the power source, so that the product has improved functionality and maintains its basic structure. Once the power source is removed, we added a rechargeable battery inside the Andre, with an in-built extension. Our end product would look like in the picture. After this innovation process, the dryer will still perform its core function dry hair; Introit any changes in the form; but it will have more flexibility in terms of human mobility.The user will be able to use the product in the bathroom standing right in front of the mirror, or in the balcony, etc. The users can charge the dryer and then use it in any place, in any gesture they feel comfortable in, without any obstacle. VALUE-CHAIN En have chosen a Music CD to study the value-chain. The music industry is a high- risk business. For those looking for a career in this industry; only a handful makes it to stardom. Music may be a hobby for few but those that make it big often battle record labels, music retailers and digital media in order to claim returns on what is rightfully theirs. In the making of a CD the key players are: the Composers, the Publishers, the Agents/Managers, the Artist, the Record labels, the Manufacturer, the Distributor, the Retailer, and finally the Customer. Each player brings their unique Indispensable capabilities that work together to complete the product. The roles of each of the key players are outlined below: Composers (lyricists musicians): are those who write the lyrics of the song and/or compose the melody. They also have the patent of their creations that could be sold compositions. Publishers: publish musical works of the composers and make it accessible to performing artists. Agents/Managers: act as an intermediary between the composers and the other actors to generate and negotiate contract opportunities, and to develop the artists and their repertoire. Artists (singers bands): are those who interpret/perform (sing) what the lyricists have written for them. Since music is intangible usually they are the image of the reduce. Some famous artists of the past decade are Iranian, Mine, Beyond, La Fine, La Chronicle and many others.Record labels: are the entities that finance, record, manufacture, promote and market the music. They are usually the ones running the show. Sony BMW music entertainment, Universal Records, Columbia Records are some of the largest record labels in the global music industry. CD Manufacturers: give physical visibility and shape to the music. They transform the diurnal music recording into solid object which is the CD itself. Distributors Wholesalers): are the connection between the Record Labels and the Retailers. They take CDC in bulk from the labels, warehouse them and ship them, on demand, mostly to the retailers. Principles of Marketing free essay sample The course content includes a study of the relationship between marketing and society, nature and functions of marketing, marketing management processes, marketing tools, the markets, and the consumers. Course Objectives The main goal of the course is to provide an overview of the basic principles underlying modern marketing theory and practice. It will provide participants with an understanding of the analysis that is necessary for taking marketing decisions, and the wide range of factors (and interactions of those factors) that need to be considered in the design of a marketing program. Students should come away with this course with an understanding of the marketing system and its role within the Malaysian economy and within an individual firm by studying how products and services are planned, priced, promoted, and distributed in order to satisfy consumers wants. Learning Outcomes Upon completion of the course, students should be able to: ? define and apply knowledge of the key marketing concepts. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ? explain how marketing decisions are influenced by environment, trends and developments. ? discuss the factors influencing consumer behavior. Please dress decently and appropriately (according to university’s dress codes) when attending classes. ? Group projects Assignments There will be group projects and assignments. For group project, work together with your group members and at the end of the project your group members will assess your contribution to the project. You are expected to do a group presentation before submission of written copy during the semester. Assignments will be uploaded in UNIEC. In class assignments must be submitted on the specified date otherwise you may be penalized for late submission. If you encounter any problem to submit assignments on the specific date, you are required to inform the lecturer within 2 days of the specified date. For any type written assignments given, the format of the paper should be as follows: ? A cover page with your details – Name, Student ID and Sections ( as registered in CMS) ? Font: Time New Roman , size 12 with 1. 5 spacing ? Include a reference page for every assignment that you submitted. ? Forums Students are required to participate in ALL 3 forums posted by the Course Leader and marks will be assigned based on the quality of the discussion. ? Accessing/ Checking UNIEC Virtual It is utmost important for students to access and check their UNIEC Virtual for any updates and information pertaining to the course regularly throughout the semester. Ignorance is NO EXCUSE. Examination Format Final examination will be a three hours-examination. The exam will evaluate your level of understanding and knowledge acquired in this course. The question formats may consist of multiple choice, true-false, short essays, and case-based problems. Week Topics Covered Overview 1 2 3 4 Topic 1: Marketing: Managing Profitable Customer Relationship Topic 2: The Marketing Environment and the Marketing Information Topic 3: Consumer Markets and Consumer Buyer Behavior Topics/Activities Remarks/ Deadlines Introduction. Class activities: Getting to know. Overview of course plan. Marketing: Managing Profitable Customer Relationship ? Definitions of marketing ? Basic concepts of marketing ? Evolutions of marketing ? Relationship marketing ? Marketing strategy and the marketing mix ? Marketing Challenges in the future Read. The Marketing Environment and Marketing Information ? Company’s Microenvironments ? Company’s Macroenvironments ? Marketing research process Read: Forum 1 ? Kotler: Chapter 3 4 ? Real Marketing 4. 2 ‘Tracking consumers on the Web: Smart targeting or a little creepy’. p 151 Class activities: ? Discuss reading materials Topic 2 ? Discuss ‘Prius: Leading a Wave of Hybrids’ case Consumer Markets and Business Market ? Consumer Buying Behavior ? Consumer Decision-making Process ? Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior ? The Organizational Market ? The Organizational Buying Process.